What Symptoms to Watch For
Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects the plasma cells in the bone marrow. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections by producing antibodies. When these cells become cancerous, they multiply uncontrollably, causing problems in the bone marrow and affecting other parts of the body. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing myeloma effectively. Here’s what you need to know about the signs of myeloma and the available treatment options.
Common Signs of Myeloma
Bone Pain
Many people with myeloma experience pain in their bones, especially in the back or ribs. This pain can be persistent and may worsen over time.
Fatigue
Feeling unusually tired or weak is a common symptom. This fatigue can be caused by anemia, which is a low level of red blood cells.
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Frequent Infections
Myeloma can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections. Frequent or severe infections may occur.
High Calcium Levels
Myeloma can cause calcium to be released from bones into the bloodstream, leading to high calcium levels. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, confusion and excessive thirst.
Kidney Problems
Elevated levels of proteins produced by myeloma cells can damage the kidneys, leading to kidney dysfunction. Symptoms may include swelling, fatigue and changes in urination.
Unexplained Weight Loss
Losing weight without trying can be a sign of multiple myeloma, as the body uses energy to fight the cancer.
Easy Bruising and Bleeding
Due to a decrease in blood cell production, individuals with myeloma may experience easy bruising, bleeding gums or frequent nosebleeds.
Anemia
Low red blood cell counts can cause symptoms like shortness of breath, dizziness and pale skin.
Treatment Options for Myeloma
Chemotherapy
Uses drugs to kill or stop the growth of cancer cells. It can be given orally or through injections.
Targeted Therapy
Involves drugs that specifically target cancer cells or the processes they use to grow. This type of therapy helps to minimize damage to healthy cells.
Immunotherapy
Boosts the body's immune system to help it fight cancer cells. This treatment can be used alone or in combination with other therapies.
Steroids
Steroid medications, such as dexamethasone, can help reduce inflammation and control symptoms by killing cancer cells and reducing swelling.
Bone Marrow Transplant
Replaces damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells to help the body produce new, healthy blood cells. This can be an option after initial treatment.
Radiation Therapy
Uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells in specific areas. This is often used to treat pain or other localized symptoms.
Bisphosphonates
Medications that help strengthen bones and reduce bone pain by preventing bone loss. They are especially useful for managing bone complications.
Supportive Care
Includes treatments and therapies to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. This may involve pain management, nutritional support and physical therapy.
Conclusion
Recognizing the signs of myeloma early can lead to better outcomes and more effective treatment. Symptoms such as bone pain, fatigue and frequent infections should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Treatment options for myeloma include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and supportive care, among others. Working with a healthcare team to find the best treatment plan is crucial for managing myeloma and improving quality of life.
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